• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    QUADRICEPS TENDER EXTRACTOR. The present invention relates to a cutting instrument that includes a V-shaped blade portion that defines an opening through which a quadriceps tendon can pass as a physician extracts the tendon through a minimally invasive procedure.
    公开号:BR112013028474B1
    申请号:R112013028474-9
    申请日:2012-05-07
    公开日:2021-02-17
    发明作者:Paul Leach Burroughs Iii
    申请人:Paul Leach Burroughs Iii；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] [001] The present disclosure refers to a cutting instrument adapted to assist a surgeon to extract a replacement tendon for anterior cruciate ligament damage (ACL) from the quadriceps tendon. BACKGROUND
    [0002] [002] Most people can spend most of their lives without ever caring or knowing how complicated a knee structure is that helps them to walk. However, the knee remains a fragile mechanical structure, which is readily susceptible to damage. Although medical advances have made knee repairs possible, repairing certain types of injuries results in other long-term effects. To assist the reader in appreciating the elegance of the present disclosure, figure 1 is provided with a brief explanation of the knee components.
    [0003] [003] For the purposes of this disclosure, and as illustrated, the knee can be composed of the quadriceps muscles 10, the femur 12, the articular cartilage 14, the lateral condyle 16, the posterior cruciate ligament 18, the anterior cruciate ligament 20, by the lateral collateral ligament 22, by the fibula 24, by the tibia 26, by the patellar tendon 28, by the meniscus 30, by the median collateral ligament 32, by the patella 34 (shown slightly displaced to the side - it usually rests in the center of the knee) and by the quadriceps tendon 36. Of particular interest for the purposes of this disclosure is the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) 20 and what is done to repair the ACL 20.
    [0004] [004] ACL tears are common in athletes and are injuries that usually end in the season. The ACL 20 has no cure - it must be reconstructed surgically. Reconstruction requires replacement of the tissue. The most common tissue used is a central slide of the patient's own patellar tendon 28. In practice, the patellar tendon 28 has proven to be generally effective, but the size of the graft that can be used is limited to the size of the patient's own patellar tendon 28. As a general rule, only one third of the patellar tendon 28 can be extracted as a graft. Thus, a doctor will measure the width of the patellar tendon 28, divide it by three, and take the middle third of the patellar tendon 28. Such extracted grafts are rarely more than 10 mm wide and may be smaller. Taking this tissue from a person's patellar tendon 28 also causes significant pain and discomfort in the postoperative healing period, which can last up to one year, and up to 20 (twenty) percent of these patients remain with chronic previous pain. on the knee.
    [0005] [005] Some doctors recommend and use other graft sources, such as cadaver grafts, but cadaver grafts have a higher failure rate. In addition, there is a non-zero possibility of disease transmission or rejection by the patient's immune system. As a final disadvantage, cadaver grafts are generally very expensive and cannot be covered by some insurance companies.
    [0006] [006] Other doctors use hock tendons (for example, the distal semitendinosus tendon), as the scar created during extraction is relatively small and there is less pain during rehabilitation, but again, the hock tendon has its own collection disadvantages. The disadvantages include the fact that once the graft is done, a patient's hock never recovers to its previous strength. In addition, all hock reconstructions stretch and are more flexible than the original ACL 20. This flexibility is particularly problematic in younger female athletes.
    [0007] [007] Another alternative graft source is the quadriceps tendon 36. The quadriceps tendon 36 is larger and stronger than either the patellar tendon 28 or the hamstring tendon. The quadriceps tendon 36 is likewise more rigid and less prone to stretching or plastic deformation. However, the qualities that make the quadriceps tendon 36 attractive also contribute to the difficulty in extracting the tendon graft from the quadriceps tendon 36. The existing surgical instruments require a large incision over the longitudinal axis of the femur 12 in the from the front of the thigh to cut the level of the tendon 36, resulting in a large post-surgical scar. In addition, the quadriceps tendon 36 has a similar consistency to that of shoe leather, making it difficult to cut. However, an ACL 20 graft repaired from the quadriceps tendon 36 generally results in almost no anterior knee pain in the postoperative period in the short or long term and recovers more quickly. The difficulties in extracting a quadriceps tendon 36 led to the exploration of the present disclosure of an alternative modality to extract a graft from the quadriceps tendon 36. SUMMARY
    [0008] [008] The present disclosure provides a cutting tool that is adapted for the extraction of a graft from the quadriceps tendon in a minimally invasive way. Once the quadriceps tendon graft is secure, it can be used in conventional ways to repair the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). The cutting instrument comprises a handle portion and a blade portion. The blade portion comprises a V-shaped cutting surface, which is angled upward and outwardly from a distal end of the cutting surface. The space between the arms of the V is open allowing the extracted graft to pass completely. A top element crosses the distance between the tops of the V's arms and helps to isolate the quadriceps tendon from tissue that is positioned superiorly to the tendon.
    [0009] [009] In alternative embodiments, the top portion may comprise a cutting surface as well, or the cutting instrument may include a secondary cutting element that is adapted to cut the end of the quadriceps tendon when a graft of an appropriate length has been extracted . In yet another embodiment, an auxiliary cutting device can be used to cut the end of the tendon once the appropriate length has been extracted. The auxiliary cutting device can be a blade, scissors, or an electrocautery device in the particular modalities contemplated. In another alternative embodiment, but not mutually exclusive, the cutting surface of the V-shaped cutting surface is serrated.
    [0010] [0010] In another alternative non-exclusive modality, spacers can be used to adjust the dimension of the cut. Spacers can be a polymeric material and placed between the tendon and the top element, effectively increasing the top element away from the tendon, and thus narrowing the width of the V-shaped cutting edge which is the cut of the tendon.
    [0011] [0011] In another modality, a second blade can be used that can fit inside the main blade. The second blade can move independently, reciprocating from the main blade so that the two blades operate like scissors.
    [0012] [0012] Those skilled in the art will appreciate the scope of the disclosure and will understand the additional aspects of it, after reading the following detailed description, in association with the attached drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [0013] [0013] The attached drawings incorporated in and forming a part of this report illustrate various aspects of disclosure and together with the description serve to explain the principles of disclosure.
    [0014] [0014] Figure 1 illustrates a conventional knee;
    [0015] [0015] figure 2 illustrates a perspective view of an exemplary modality of the cutting instrument of the present disclosure;
    [0016] [0016] figure 3 illustrates a side elevation view of an exemplary model of the cutting instrument of the present disclosure;
    [0017] [0017] figure 4 shows a front elevation view of the cutting instrument of figure 3;
    [0018] [0018] figure 5 shows a rear elevation view of the cutting instrument of figure 3;
    [0019] [0019] figure 6 shows a top plan view of the cutting instrument of figure 3;
    [0020] [0020] figure 7 illustrates a knee with a bone graft guide positioned on it, as is done at the beginning of tendon extraction;
    [0021] [0021] figures 8 and 9 illustrate the bone graft guide on the patella, as it is used to form the bone graft;
    [0022] [0022] figure 10 illustrates the cutting instrument beginning to cut the quadriceps tendon;
    [0023] [0023] figure 11 illustrates the cutting instrument with a portion of the graft extracted from the rear end of the cutting instrument;
    [0024] [0024] figure 12 illustrates an alternative embodiment of a serrated blade;
    [0025] [0025] figure 13 illustrates another alternative embodiment of a distinct and selectively extensible distal cutting element;
    [0026] [0026] figure 14 illustrates a flowchart showing the method of using the cutting instrument of the present disclosure;
    [0027] [0027] figure 15 illustrates spacers that can be used to control the width of the cut;
    [0028] [0028] figures 16A and 16B illustrate a modality with a scissor-like cutting element; and
    [0029] [0029] figure 17 illustrates an auxiliary cutting element with an electrocautery tip. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
    [0030] [0030] The modalities presented below represent the information necessary to enable those skilled in the art to practice dissemination and illustrate the best way to practice dissemination. After reading the following description in the light of the attached drawings, those skilled in the art will understand the concepts of disclosure and recognize the applications of these concepts not particularly addressed in this document. It should be understood that these concepts and applications are within the scope of the disclosure and the attached claims.
    [0031] [0031] Figures 2 to 6 illustrate a first exemplary embodiment of a cutting instrument 50 in accordance with the present disclosure. The cutting instrument 50 includes a handle portion 52 and a blade portion 54. Collectively, the handle portion 52 and the blade portion 54 may have a longitudinal length of about 25.4 cm (ten inches). The handle portion 52 may include the indicia 56 arranged therein that provide a measuring tool whose use will be explained in more detail below. The handle portion 52 may be toothed (not shown), have finger indentations (not shown), or have other features to facilitate grasping the handle portion 52, even during surgery, when blood and other body fluids may otherwise make handle portion 52 slippery.
    [0032] [0032] The blade portion 54 includes a first cutting surface 58 and a second cutting surface 60 joined to form a V-shape, with a point 62 and a wide part 64. The two sides that form the cutting surfaces together define an opening 66 that extends along the longitudinal axis of the cutting instrument 50. The opening 66 is closed at the top by a top portion 68 that extends through the wide V portion 64. The top portion 68 can include a cutting surface 70, which allows the cutting instrument 50 to pass through the fabric more easily. Manufacturing restrictions may require that point 62 is a tight curved tip instead of a real point, and as used herein "point" includes both a true point and such curved points.
    [0033] [0033] As best seen in figures 3 and 6, the top portion 68 spans at least a portion of the cutting surfaces 58, 60. Likewise, as best seen in figure 3, the cutting surfaces 58 , 60 tilts up and back from point 62.
    [0034] [0034] In an exemplary embodiment, at least the blade portion 54 is made of surgical grade steel and the cutting surfaces 58, 60 are sharpened to a high degree of sharpening comparable to that of a conventional scalpel. Alternatively, the cutting surfaces 58, 60 can be a synthetic diamond scalpel blade that has a cut width of about 3 nm or some form of ground glass (e.g. obsidian), which may have cut edges in the order 200 Angstroms. Exemplary diamond scalpels are sold by Clinicon Corporation of Oceanside CA. Exemplary obsidian scalpels are sold by Fine Science Tools of Foster City CA.
    [0035] [0035] The cutting instrument 50 can be part of a kit that includes the cutting instrument 50, a cutting guide 72 (figures 7-9) and a spacer 74 (figure 15). In addition, the kit may include an auxiliary cutting element such as a pair of scissors or an electrocautery cutting element as described in greater detail below. This kit can be made as a single use kit, or the kit elements can withstand multiple sterilizations in an autoclave or comparable sterilization environment.
    [0036] [0036] The cutting guide 72 is illustrated in use in figures 7-9. The cutting guide can be a body generally in the trapezoidal shape 76 (figure 9) and includes an optional handle 74 and pins 78. The bottom surface 80 of the body 76 can be about eleven (11) mm in diameter, although other dimensions are also possible. In an exemplary embodiment, the width of the bottom surface is slightly less than the width of the wide portion 64 of the blade portion 54 of the cutting instrument 50. In addition, the side walls 82 are inclined in such a way that the side walls are 82 are extended beyond the bottom surface 80, an equilateral triangle 84 is formed. In use, a chisel or other cutting tool is placed close to the guide 72 and used to cut inside the patella 34. The cuts made in this way cut an equilateral triangle bone plug 86 (figure 11) that fits inside the opening 66 of the cutting instrument 50.
    [0037] [0037] Once the bone plug 86 has been cut, the guide 72 is removed, and the surgical segment is segmented in the holes for pins 78, the segment is then pulled upwards, effectively pulling bone plug 86 out of the patella 34. When selecting the place to create from which to create bone tampon 86, at least a portion of bone tampon 86 must be attached to the quadriceps tendon 36. Thus, when bone tampon 86 is extracted from the patella 34, it is still attached to the quadriceps tendon 36. Bone plug 86 is then fed into opening 66 and the cutting instrument is ready to start cutting (see figure 10). The cutting instrument 50 is then pushed anteriorly onto the longitudinal axis of the femur 12, below the patient's skin. The sharp cutting surfaces 58, 60 cut through the tendon of the hard quadriceps 36. The physician can compare the length of the extracted tendon 88 (figure 11) with evidence 56 to see if the physician has removed or extracted the tendon 36 sufficiently.
    [0038] [0038] Figure 12 illustrates an alternative embodiment in which the cutting surfaces 58a, 60a are serrated. In some situations, serrations can make it easier to cut the hard tendon 36.
    [0039] [0039] Figure 13 illustrates another alternative embodiment, in which a selectively extensible blade 90 is positioned on the top surface 68. Extensible blade 90 can be used to cut the end of tendon 36 once an acceptable tendon length has been extracted. In a first retracted position the blade 90 can be positioned inside a case. In a second extended position the blade 90 can be exposed and extend beyond the front of the top surface 68 so that the blade is approximately as far forward as the distal point 62.
    [0040] [0040] Figure 15 illustrates a spacer 92, which in an exemplary embodiment comprises a polymer washer shape approximately 1 mm thick. Spacer 92 can be positioned under top surface 68 over tendon 36. Because opening 66 is an equilateral triangle, each spacer 92 effectively elevates cutting surfaces 58, 60 an equal distance and effectively reduces the amount of tendon 36 that is extracted. For example, if the wide part 66 is 11 millimeters wide, a spacer 92 can raise the blades one millimeter, making the widest cut part now ten millimeters. Additional 92 spacers can be stacked to further reduce the extraction width as needed.
    [0041] [0041] Figures 16A and 16B illustrate another alternative embodiment in which the cutting instrument 50A has a scissor-like cutting portion 54A. As illustrated, the cutting portion 54a includes the primary cutting surfaces 58A, 60A and the reciprocating V-shaped cutting surface 94 that moves relative to the primary cutting surfaces 58A, 60A. In a first embodiment, the cutting surface 94 moves up and down in a generally arched motion (usually indicated at 96), and the cutting effect is obtained as the blades close, similar to conventional scissors. In a second embodiment, the cutting surface 94 moves along the longitudinal axis of the cutting instrument 50A (generally indicated at 98) so that the cutting surface 94 moves in and out of the opening 66.
    [0042] [0042] Figure 17 illustrates an auxiliary cutting element 150 which is used to break the distal end of the quadriceps tendon 36. The auxiliary cutting element 150 can be an electrocautery element in the form of a cylinder 152, with a short axis 154 and an isolated rotating cauterization tip 156 selectively extendable to a distal end of the element 150. In practice, the cutting element 50 is used to remove a section of the tendon 36. Then, the cutting element 50 is removed, and the bone plug 86 and the extracted tendon 88 are fed through the cylinder 152 of the auxiliary cutting element 150. The cauterization tip 156 is then simultaneously extended, rotated and heated (or heated and extended and rotated). The cauterization tip 156 rotates inwardly towards the center of the cylinder 152. The auxiliary cutting element 150 is rotated around the extracted tendon 88, moving the extended cauterization tip 156 through the distal end of the extracted tendon 88. This movement cuts tendon 88 to the distant point and is believed to be less invasive than simply advancing the cutting instrument 50 to the end of the tendon 36 and into the muscle (which can effectively "tear" the extracted tendon 88 from the fibers and quadriceps attached). The elements of cauterization are known and can be adapted from those sold by sites such as www.dremed.com/catalog/product_info.php/cPath/45_78/products_id/4 21 and www.orsupply.com/medical/category/Cautery+ Electrodes / 489.
    [0043] [0043] In another embodiment, not specifically illustrated, a cutting instrument may take the form of a pair of scissors such as a modified pair of OB-GYN scissors. In particular, the scissors can be modified so that the joint is more in the middle of the scissors than is typical. When moving the joint, the scissors can be used deep in the wound, keeping the incision small. Still other cutting instruments can be used to break the distal end of the extracted tendon 88 as desired.
    [0044] [0044] Figure 14 illustrates a flow chart explaining the use of the cutting instrument 50. The doctor makes an initial incision in a knee fold line (block 100), such as an anterior fold line, and skin fold back to expose a portion of the patella 34. The doctor drills two pin holes inside the patella 34 next to the quadriceps tendon 36 (block 102). The holes can be approximately eleven millimeters deep in an exemplary embodiment. The doctor then places the guide 74 on the patella 34, with the pins 78 positioned inside the holes (block 104). The doctor will choose the width of the quadriceps tendon to be extracted by measuring the size of the quadriceps tendon in the preoperative period from MRI images and comparing them to the intraoperative observations of the tendon itself. The cross-sectional area of the patellar tendon can be calculated from MRI, and one-third of this area of the patellar tendon can be compared with the cross-sectional areas resulting from different quadriceps options based on the areas of the resulting equilateral triangles.
    [0045] [0045] Then, the bone plug 86 is created by cutting inside the patella 34 using the side walls of the guide 74 to guide the cuts into the patella 34, thereby creating the equilateral bone plug 86 and the initial cut in the tendon of the quadriceps 36 (block 106). The guide 74 directs the saw blade so that the resulting bone plug 86 is of the same dimensions as the quadriceps graft that was chosen, allowing it to be slid through the opening 66 over the blade portion 54 (block 108). The graft can be secured by sutures based on the original holes drilled at the beginning of the procedure, facilitating the passage of the bone plug 86. If necessary, the doctor inserts one or more spacers 92 to space the top surface 68 from the tendon 36, narrowing the cutting width. The doctor then slices anteriorly to the quadriceps tendon under the patient's skin (block 110). When an appropriate length of tendon 36 has been cut, the physician breaks the distal end of tendon 36, such as rotating the top portion 68 in contact with tendon 36 and sawing, or selectively extending the extensible blade 90 and using it to saw through tendon 36. Alternatively, a second blade can be inserted through the incision and used to cut the distal end of tendon 36. Still as another option, the doctor can insert the auxiliary cutting instrument 150, extend the cauterization tip 156 and cauterize the end of tendon 36. Yet another option is to make a new incision further up the thigh near the distal end and make a cut in tendon 36 in the second incision. The doctor then removes the tendon (block 114) and closes the incision (block 116).
    [0046] [0046] Those skilled in the art will recognize the improvements and modifications to the modalities of this disclosure. All of these improvements and modifications are considered within the scope of the concepts described in this document and in the claims that follow.
    权利要求:
    Claims (12)
    [0001]
    Surgical instrument (50) comprising a handle portion (52) and a blade portion (54) attached to the handle portion, the blade portion comprising: a first cutting surface (58); a second cutting surface (60) joined to the first cutting surface forms a V shape having a wide portion (64); and a top portion (68) extending across the wide V-shaped portion, characterized by the fact that the first and second cutting surfaces form a point (62) and define an opening (66) that extends through the blade portion and are adapted to cut a quadriceps tendon and thus pass a portion cut from the quadriceps tendon through the opening (66).
    [0002]
    Surgical instrument according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the blade portion comprises a steel blade portion.
    [0003]
    Surgical instrument according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the first and second cutting surfaces comprise serrated cutting surfaces (58a, 60a).
    [0004]
    Surgical instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that it also comprises a spacer (92) selectively positioned below the top portion to space the top portion from a workpiece being cut by the first and second surfaces of cut,
    [0005]
    Surgical instrument, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that it also comprises a third cutting surface (90) positioned movably on the top portion (68) so that in a first position the third cutting surface extends if beyond a front edge of the top portion it is available for cutting and in a second position the third cutting surface is retracted and not available for cutting.
    [0006]
    Surgical instrument according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the top portion does not include a cutting surface.
    [0007]
    Surgical instrument, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that it also comprises a second cutting element (90) positioned within the blade portion and adapted to reciprocate along a longitudinal axis of the surgical instrument.
    [0008]
    Surgical instrument according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the first and the second cutting surface slope up and back from the point and the upper portion (68) has a side of the handle next to the portion of the handle and a front edge opposite the side of the handle, and the point of the blade part extends away from the handle part, passing through the front edge of the upper part.
    [0009]
    Surgical kit characterized by the fact that it comprises: a surgical instrument according to claim 1 or 3; a spacer; and a guide adapted to assist a surgeon in the creation of a bone patch extract from a patella.
    [0010]
    Surgical kit according to claim 9, characterized in that the spacer (92) is adapted to fit under the top portion (68) and to space the top portion from the quadriceps tendon while the cutting surfaces are cutting the quadriceps tendon.
    [0011]
    Surgical kit according to claim 9, characterized by the fact that the guide comprises at least one pin (78) adapted to be positioned inside a hole in the patella.
    [0012]
    Surgical kit according to claim 9, characterized by the fact that the spacer comprises a polymeric material.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
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    BR112013028474A2|2017-01-24|
    JP2014519879A|2014-08-21|
    MX2013012853A|2015-04-08|
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    EP2704649B1|2018-04-04|
    US20160120560A1|2016-05-05|
    WO2012154643A3|2013-01-17|
    US20150057693A1|2015-02-26|
    MX342973B|2016-10-20|
    WO2012154643A2|2012-11-15|
    US20120283793A1|2012-11-08|
    US9107700B2|2015-08-18|
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    法律状态:
    2018-12-11| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according art. 34 industrial property law|
    2020-07-21| B06A| Notification to applicant to reply to the report for non-patentability or inadequacy of the application according art. 36 industrial patent law|
    2020-12-08| B09A| Decision: intention to grant|
    2021-02-17| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 07/05/2012, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US13/102,562|2011-05-06|
    US13/102,562|US8894672B2|2011-05-06|2011-05-06|Quadriceps tendon stripper|
    PCT/US2012/036728|WO2012154643A2|2011-05-06|2012-05-07|Quadriceps tendon stripper|
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